Caught in the digital crosshairs, financial institutions (including credit unions) stand on the front lines of the cybercrime battlefield. These organizations play a vital role in the daily operations of businesses and customers, processing vast amounts of personal and financial data that make them prime targets for cyber-attacks. Financial institutions rank as the second most targeted industry for cyber-attacks, trailing only behind healthcare. A report by the National Credit Union Association (NCUA) revealed that between September 2023 and May 2024, credit unions experienced 892 cyber incidents—an alarming figure underscoring the urgency for robust cyber resilience frameworks.
The Cyberthreat Landscape for Credit Unions
The credit union system, which serves more than 139 million Americans and plays an important role in communities across the country, is not immune to the threats. The combination of high-value assets and leaner cybersecurity resources makes them especially vulnerable to attacks like ransomware, data breaches, and deepfake fraud. Recently, the Patelco Credit Union attack in mid-2024 impacted over one million individuals, stealing personal data such as Social Security numbers and driver’s licenses, illustrating the potential damage of a single incident. A robust cyber resilience framework is no longer optional but a necessity for credit unions.
•Assessing the Risk
The first step toward building a cyber resilience framework is conducting a thorough risk assessment. Many credit unions rely heavily on third-party vendors for critical services, including fintech solutions and cloud infrastructure. While this dependency allows agility, it also exposes them to third-party risks, as vulnerabilities in a partner’s system can easily become an issue for the credit union itself.
A practical approach involves:
- Mapping third-party relationships: Credit unions must create a detailed map of their supply chain and partners, identifying potential points of failure.
- Third-party risk management: Establishing a vendor risk management program to assess, monitor, and mitigate third-party risks. This should include regular audits and compliance checks with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, ensuring that all partners meet baseline cybersecurity standards.
•Aligning with the NIST Framework
An effective cyber resilience plan must include a strong incident response strategy. Aligning with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, credit unions can design comprehensive incident response protocols that enable rapid detection, containment, and recovery from attacks.
The five key functions of the NIST framework—Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover—offer a structured approach. For credit unions, this means:
- Regular threat assessments: Continuously identifying and assessing risks to the organization’s critical assets.
- Protection mechanisms: Implementing advanced security measures, such as multi-factor authentication and encryption, to safeguard sensitive member data.
- 24/7 threat monitoring: Employing managed security service providers (MSSPs) to monitor environments around the clock can help small and mid-sized credit unions overcome resource limitations.
The key is preparing for incidents, not just preventing them. When an attack occurs, having a tested response plan ensures that the organization can minimize disruption and avoid irreversible damage.
•Building a Security-First Culture
Credit unions face a dual challenge when it comes to cybersecurity awareness, their workforce is aging, and many lack the technical resources to fully implement robust security measures. The members of credit unions are aging, and the younger generation tends to see these institutions as less favorable than their elders do.
While the human element is often regarded as the weakest link in cybersecurity, it can also become one of the most powerful defenses when both staff and members are properly trained. Credit unions should prioritize continuous training programs to educate employees on recognizing phishing attacks, social engineering schemes, and other common cyberthreats.
Additionally, they need to extend this focus to their members by raising awareness of basic cybersecurity practices. Teaching members how to create strong passwords and recognize fraudulent communications is important, especially as more sophisticated attacks, such as those involving deepfake technology, increasingly target individuals through less traditional channels like personal emails, SMS, etc.
By fostering a security-first culture, credit unions can significantly reduce the likelihood of human error leading to breaches.
•Adapting to New Technologies- AI and Cloud Integration
Traditional defense mechanisms alone are no longer sufficient to protect sensitive member data and maintain trust. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful ally, offering advanced tools that enable credit unions to detect, prevent, and respond to threats more effectively. The benefits of incorporating AI into cybersecurity strategies for credit unions are substantial. These include real-time threat detection, improved accuracy that reduces false positives, and adaptive defense systems that learn from previous fraud attempts.
In parallel, the migration of credit unions to cloud environments requires a heightened focus on cloud security. Safeguarding data stored in the cloud requires implementing comprehensive security measures such as encryption, stringent access controls, and ongoing monitoring to detect and address potential breaches swiftly. It’s also critical for credit unions to ensure that their cloud service providers comply with industry standards and regulatory guidelines, which is essential for maintaining data integrity and trust.
•Countering Emerging Threats- Deepfakes and Supply Chain Attacks
Deepfake technology poses a significant threat to credit unions, as attackers utilize AI-generated videos or voices to impersonate trusted figures, such as CEOs or board members, to authorize fraudulent transactions. These attacks usually occur outside traditional corporate networks, complicating detection and response efforts.
To effectively combat deepfake and supply chain attacks, credit unions need to strengthen their verification processes. Implementing out-of-band verification methods—where sensitive transactions or requests are confirmed through a secondary communication channel—can significantly reduce the risk of fraud. Adopting multifactor authentication and enforcing a least privilege access model are critical. By requiring multiple levels of approval from independent parties for sensitive actions like fund transfers, credit unions can create additional barriers against unauthorized access.
The data breach at Patelco Credit Union serves as a warning for other financial institutions that there is a need for a more sophisticated approach to data protection. While traditional security measures focus on preventing unauthorized access, the sophisticated nature of today’s cyberthreats demands a more targeted strategy centered around safeguarding personally identifiable information. The key should be to continuously evolve, ensuring that cybersecurity measures are updated to meet the shifting landscape and safeguard the trust that members place in these community institutions.
