Stalkerware, a type of malicious software that allows someone to secretly monitor and track another person’s device, has become a growing concern for mobile users. While this software is commonly used by malicious individuals to invade privacy, it can also be employed by abusers and stalkers to monitor the activities of their victims without their consent. Stalkerware affects both Android and iOS devices, but the ways in which it operates and the methods used to install it differ significantly between the two platforms.
What is Stalkerware?
Stalkerware is a form of spyware that specifically targets personal devices like smartphones and tablets. Unlike traditional spyware, which is typically used for financial or data theft, stalkerware is often used for tracking a person’s location, monitoring their calls and messages, and accessing private information without the user’s knowledge. The intent is usually to control or manipulate the victim, which makes it a dangerous tool for anyone seeking to invade some-one’s privacy.
How Stalkerware Affects Android Devices
Android is an open-source operating system, which makes it more vulnerable to certain types of malware, including stalkerware. The flexibility of the Android platform allows users to in-stall apps from third-party sources, not just the Google Play Store. This feature, while conven-ient, opens the door for the installation of malicious apps, including stalkerware.
Installation and Operation: Stalkerware on Android devices is typically installed through two main methods:
1.Third-party apps: Many stalkerware apps are disguised as legitimate software. These apps are often disguised as system optimizers, anti-theft apps, or parental control tools. Once installed, they can secretly record calls, monitor messages, track locations, and even access multimedia files.
2.Physical access to the device: In some cases, stalkers may need to have direct physical access to the device to install the stalkerware, although certain apps can be remotely in-stalled if the attacker has access to the victim’s Google account or app permissions.
Once installed, stalkerware on Android runs in the background, often hidden from the user. It can be difficult to detect, especially if the stalkerware has been configured to run invisibly or be disguised as another app. Android’s security features, such as app permission requests, can sometimes be bypassed by these malicious apps, which makes it harder for users to identify the risks.
Indicators of Stalkerware on Android:
• Unexplained battery drain: Many stalkerware apps run continuously in the background, which can drain the battery faster than usual.
• Slow performance: The device might become sluggish as the stalkerware uses resources for monitoring and tracking.
• Suspicious apps: Users may notice apps that they didn’t install, especially those with strange names or unfamiliar icons.
Preventive Measures for Android:
• Install apps only from trusted sources like the Google Play Store.
• Regularly check app permissions in the settings menu and remove any unnecessary or suspicious apps.
• Enable Google Play Protect to scan apps for potential security threats.
• Use strong passwords and two-factor authentication to protect accounts and app access.
How Stalkerware Affects iOS Devices
In contrast to Android, iOS is a more closed-off and controlled operating system, which pro-vides a higher level of security. Apple’s strict app review process and the limitation of app installation to only the App Store make it more difficult for stalkerware to be installed on iPhones. However, this does not make iOS devices completely immune to stalkerware attacks.
Installation and Operation: While iOS is generally more resistant to malicious apps, stalker-ware can still be installed through the following methods:
1. Jailbreaking: Jailbreaking an iPhone removes its built-in security restrictions, allowing third-party apps and unauthorized software to be installed. This process can enable stalkerware apps to bypass Apple’s strict controls. However, jailbreaking makes the de-vice much more vulnerable to other forms of malware and can void the device’s warranty.
2. Spyware apps with “family locator” features: Some stalkerware apps market them-selves as legitimate tools for parents to monitor their children’s phones. These apps may appear in the App Store, but they often require the user to install a companion app on the target device or access the iCloud account for tracking purposes.
3. Exploiting iCloud and other cloud services: If a stalker has access to the victim’s Apple ID or iCloud account credentials, they can remotely monitor texts, calls, location da-ta, and even view photos and messages through iCloud syncing. This type of tracking can happen without the victim’s knowledge.
Indicators of Stalkerware on iOS:
• Unexplained data usage or excessive syncing with iCloud.
• Increased battery drain, as stalkerware uses background resources.
• Strange or unfamiliar apps that are hard to remove or detect.
Preventive Measures for iOS:
• Avoid jailbreaking your iPhone, as this compromises its security and exposes it to more vulnerabilities.
• Use strong, unique passwords for your Apple ID and enable two-factor authentication.
• Review the list of apps installed on your device regularly and ensure that no unfamiliar apps have access to sensitive information.
• Regularly check your iCloud settings and review any device linked to your Apple ID for unauthorized access.
• Be cautious of apps that promise to track children or employees, and make sure you fully understand how they work before installation.
The Dangers of Stalkerware
The real danger of stalkerware lies in its ability to control and manipulate a victim’s life in subtle ways. By tracking location, messages, calls, and even photos, stalkers can gather sensitive information that can be used for blackmail, harassment, or abuse. In cases of domestic vio-lence or intimate partner abuse, stalkerware can be an essential tool for an abuser to maintain control over the victim’s every move.
Conclusion
While both Android and iOS devices are vulnerable to stalkerware, the methods of infection and the level of protection offered by each operating system differ significantly. Android’s open nature makes it more prone to malicious apps, while iOS offers a more secure environ-ment, but users must remain vigilant, especially regarding iCloud and jailbreak vulnerabilities. Regardless of the platform, the best defense against stalkerware is awareness—understanding the risks, regularly reviewing app permissions, and using robust security measures to protect personal information.
